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Moldova Education
 Geography
People
Communications
Transportation |
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Geography |
Location: Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 29 00 E
Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States
Area:
total: 33,843 sq km
land: 33,371 sq km
water: 472 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Maryland
Land boundaries:
total: 1,389 km
border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: moderate winters, warm summers
Terrain: rolling steppe, gradual slope south to
Black Sea
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Nistru River 2 m
highest point: Dealul Balanesti 430 m
Natural resources: lignite, phosphorites, gypsum,
arable land
Land use:
arable land: 53%
permanent crops: 14%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 13%
other: 7% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 3,110 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Environment - current issues: heavy use of
agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such
as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive
soil erosion from poor farming methods
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Geography - note: landlocked
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Background:
Formerly ruled by Romania, Moldova became part of the Soviet
Union at the close of World War II. Although independent from
the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan
territory east of the Nistru (Dnister) River supporting the
Slavic majority population (mostly Ukrainians and Russians) who
have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic.
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People |
Population: 4,430,654 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 23% (male 523,373; female 505,064)
15-64 years: 67% (male 1,422,470; female
1,544,169)
65 years and over: 10% (male 161,659; female
273,919) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: -0% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 12.86 births/1,000 population (2000
est.)
Death rate: 12.58 deaths/1,000 population (2000
est.)
Net migration rate: -0.31 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 43.32 deaths/1,000 live
births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 64.45 years
male: 59.92 years
female: 69.22 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.63 children born/woman (2000
est.)
Nationality:
noun: Moldovan(s)
adjective: Moldovan
Ethnic groups: Moldavian/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian
13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian
2%, other 1.7% (1989 est.)
note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the
Transnistrian region
Religions: Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%,
Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991)
Languages: Moldovan (official, virtually the same as
the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish
dialect)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 99%
female: 94% (1989 est.)
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Communications |
Telephones - main lines in use: 566,000 (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 14 (1995)
Telephone system: inadequate, outmoded, poor service
outside Chisinau, some effort to modernize is under way
domestic: new subscribers face long wait for
service; mobile cellular telephone service being
introduced
international: service through Romania and Russia
via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat,
Eutelsat, and Intersputnik
Radio broadcast stations: AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 3
(1998)
Radios: 3.22 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 40 (1998)
Televisions: 1.26 million (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 2 (1999)
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Transportation |
Railways:
total: 1,328 km
broad gauge: 1,328 km 1.520-m gauge (1992)
Highways:
total: 12,300 km
paved: 10,738 km
unpaved: 1,562 km (1996 est.)
Waterways: 424 km (1994)
Pipelines: natural gas 310 km (1992)
Ports and harbors: none
Airports: 26 (1994 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 8
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 3 (1994 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 18
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 8 (1994 est.)
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