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Austria Education
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Geography |
Location: Central Europe, north of Italy and
Slovenia
Geographic coordinates: 47 20 N, 13 20 E
Map references: Europe











Area:
total: 83,858 sq km
land: 82,738 sq km
water: 1,120 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Maine
Land boundaries:
total: 2,562 km
border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany
784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35
km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: temperate; continental, cloudy; cold
winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in
mountains; cool summers with occasional showers
Terrain: in the west and south mostly mountains
(Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly
flat or gently sloping
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m
highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m
Natural resources: iron ore, oil, timber,
magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower
Land use:
arable land: 17%
permanent crops: 1%
permanent pastures: 23%
forests and woodland: 39%
other: 20% (1996 est.)
Irrigated land: 40 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: NA
Environment - current issues: some forest
degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil
pollution results from the use of agricultural
chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal-
and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and
from trucks transiting Austria between northern and
southern Europe
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur
94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber
83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol
Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location
at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily
traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is
the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern
lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low
temperatures elsewhere
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Background:
Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire,
Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in
World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and
subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies, Austria's 1955
State Treaty declared the country "permanently neutral" as a
condition of Soviet military withdrawal. Neutrality, once
ingrained as part of the Austrian cultural identity, has been
called into question since the Soviet collapse and Austria's
increasingly prominent role in European affairs. A prosperous
country, Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and the euro
monetary system in 1999.
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People |
Population: 8,131,111 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17% (male 697,283; female 663,459)
15-64 years: 68% (male 2,787,555; female
2,731,446)
65 years and over: 15% (male 474,067; female
777,301) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.25% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 9.9 births/1,000 population (2000
est.)
Death rate: 9.91 deaths/1,000 population (2000
est.)
Net migration rate: 2.46 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live
births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 77.68 years
male: 74.52 years
female: 80.99 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.39 children born/woman
(2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Austrian(s)
adjective: Austrian
Ethnic groups: German 98%, Croatian, Slovene,
other (includes Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma)
Religions: Roman Catholic 78%, Protestant 5%,
Muslim and other 17%
Languages: German
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98%
male: NA%
female: NA%
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Communications |
Telephones - main lines in use: 3.726 million (plus
83,100 ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network
connections) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 2.31 million (1998)
Telephone system:
domestic: highly developed and efficient
international: satellite earth stations - 2
Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 2
Eutelsat
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 61 (plus
several hundred repeaters), shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios: 6.08 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 51 (plus 920
repeaters) (1999)
Televisions: 4.25 million (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 35 (1999)
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Transportation |
Railways:
total: 6,123 km (3,523 km electrified)
standard gauge: 5,639 km 1.435-m gauge (3,429 km
electrified)
narrow gauge: 484 km (13 km 0.600-m gauge, 468 km
0.760-m gauge - 94 km electrified, and 3 km 0.600-m
gauge) (1999)
Highways: 200,000 km
paved: 200,000 km (including 1,613 km of
expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Waterways: 358 km (1999)
Pipelines: crude oil 777 km; natural gas 840 km
(1999)
Ports and harbors: Linz, Vienna, Enns, Krems
Merchant marine:
total: 20 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
65,284 GRT/91,951 DWT
ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 15, combination bulk 2,
container 2 (1999 est.)
Airports: 55 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 22
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 12 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 33
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 29 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1999 est.) |
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