Bulgaria is situated in the moderate climatic zone. The country can be conditionally divided into two climatic zones. The Stara Planina Mountain is considered the watershed between them. Winters are colder in Northern Bulgaria and much milder in the Southern part of the country.

Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.
Bulgarian demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart all other.

The 1985 census recorded Bulgaria's population at 8, 948, 649, an increase of 220, 878 over the 1975 census figure. At the end of 1990, the Central Statistical Bureau had estimated an updated figure of 8, 989, 172, including about 100, 000 more women than men.

Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 12th largest city by
population in the European Union with population of 3.5 million people.