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Geography |
Location: Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 20 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total: 93,030 sq km
land: 92,340 sq km
water: 690 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Indiana
Land
boundaries:
total: 2,009 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km,
Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km (all with
Serbia), Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103
km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none (landlocked)
Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters;
warm summers
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and
low mountains on the Slovakian border
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
Natural resources: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile
soils, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 51%
permanent crops: 3.6%
permanent pastures: 12.4%
forests and woodland: 19%
other: 14% (1999)
Irrigated land: 2,060 sq km (1993 est.)
Environment - current issues: the approximation
of Hungary's standards in waste management, energy
efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with
environmental requirements for EU accession will require
large investments
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur
94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
Geography - note: landlocked; strategic location
astride main land routes between Western Europe and
Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and
Mediterranean basin
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Background:
Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which
collapsed in World War I. It fell under communist rule following
World War II. A revolt in 1956 and an announced withdrawal from
the Warsaw Pact was met with massive military intervention by
Moscow. In the more open GORBACHEV years, Hungary led the
movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact and steadily shifted toward
multiparty democracy and a market-oriented economy. Following
the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Hungary developed close
political and economic ties to Western Europe. It joined NATO in
1999 and is a frontrunner in a future expansion of the EU.
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People |
Population: 10,138,844 (July 2000 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 17% (male 878,661; female 834,607)
15-64 years: 68% (male 3,407,368; female
3,535,818)
65 years and over: 15% (male 548,672; female
933,718) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: -0.33% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 9.26 births/1,000 population (2000
est.)
Death rate: 13.34 deaths/1,000 population (2000
est.)
Net migration rate: 0.73 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.59 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 9.15 deaths/1,000 live
births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 71.37 years
male: 67 years
female: 76.05 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.25 children born/woman
(2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian
Ethnic groups: Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German
2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7%
Religions: Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%,
Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5%
Languages: Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 98% (1980 est.)
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Communications |
Telephones - main lines in use: 1.893 million (1995)
Telephones - mobile cellular: 1.269 million
(1995)
Telephone system: the telephone system has been
modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for
telecommunication service
domestic: the system is digitalized and highly
automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic
cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for
fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in
1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones
international: Hungary has fiber-optic cable
connections with all neighboring countries; the
international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth
stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT)
system of ground terminals
Radio broadcast stations: AM 17, FM 57, shortwave
3 (1998)
Radios: 7.01 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: 39 (plus several
low-power stations) (1997)
Televisions: 4.42 million (1997)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 13 (1999)
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Transportation |
Railways:
total: 7,606 km
broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 7,394 km 1.435-m gauge (2,270 km
electrified; 1,236 km double track)
narrow gauge: 176 km 0.760-m gauge (1998)
note: Hungary and Austria jointly manage the
cross-border standard-gauge railway between Gyor, Sopron,
Ebenfurt (Gysev railroad) a distance of about 101 km in
Hungary and 65 km in Austria
Highways:
total: 188,203 km
paved: 81,680 km (including 438 km of
expressways)
unpaved: 106,523 km (1998 est.)
Waterways: 1,373 km permanently navigable (1997)
Pipelines: crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387
km (1991)
Ports and harbors: Budapest, Dunaujvaros
Merchant marine:
total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
12,949 GRT/14,550 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2 (1999 est.)
Airports: 43 (1999 est.)
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 16
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (1999 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 27
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 7 (1999 est.)
Heliports: 5 (1999 est.) |
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